INYANGA YEMAGUGU 2004
UMCULU WELUHLAKAMSEBENTI: INYANGA YEMAGUGU
INGCIKITSI: KUGUBHA EMAGUGU ETFU LAPHILAKO (?LESIPHILELA WONA?) EMNYAKENI WELISHUMI WEMBUSO WENTSANDVO YELINYENTI
SINGENISO
LiTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko, ngekuvumelana netiNdvuna taVelonkhe kanye nema-MEC labukene nemasiko emhlanganweni wabo we-MINMEC wangaMashi 2004, bemukela lengcikitsi ?Kugubha emaGugu Etfu laPhilako (?Lesiphilela Wona?) eMnyakeni weliShumi weMbuso weNtsandvo yeliNyenti?.
Lengcikitsi itawusebenta kuleminyaka lemitsatfu lelandzelako letawuphela ngaSeptemba 2007. LiTiko lihlose kusebentisa ngebuciko Inyanga yemaGugu njengelisu lesikhatsi lesidze sekucokelela, kugcina, kuvikela, kutfutfukisa kanye nekusabalalisa emagugu laphilako/emagugu emasiko langabambeki.
UMCONDVO ?EMAGUGU LAPHILAKO?
Kubalulekile kukhumbula kutsi loku lokushiwo yinchubomgomo yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nemiculu yemtsetfo lokutsiwa ngemagugu laphilako emaveni emhlaba (UNESCO) kubitwa ngekutsi ngemaGugu emaSiko langaBambeki. Ngekubhalwa lokutsandza kwentiwa kweNgcungcutsela yeMave ngemave yekuLondvolotwa kwemaGugu emaSiko langaBambeki, lisiko lelisha liba nemfutfo lapho khona tingcweti kanye nebasebenti sebacala kusebentisa ?emaGugu laPhilaka nemaGugu langaBambeki ngekuphambanisana?. Uma ngabe kukhona lokhuluma ngemagugu laphilako loko kuvisiswa kwangatsi lenkhulumo imayelana nemagugu emasiko langabambeki futsi nalabambekako.
KUCHAZA EMAGUGU LAPHILAKO
Inchazelo? njengobe indlaliwe kumTsetfo wemKhandlu wemaGugu waVelonkhe (umTsetfo No 11 wanga-1999) kanye nemTsetfo wemiTfombolusito yemaGugu waVelonkhe (umTsetfo No 25 wanga-1999).
Emagugu laPhilako? kushiwo letihlangotsi letingabambeki temasiko latfoliwe futsi angafaka:
Lisiko lendzabuko
Umlandvo lokhulunywako
Umdlalo
Lisiko
Umcondvo lodvumile
Emakhono kanye nemachinga
Luhlelo lwelwati lwesintfu kanye
Nendlela yekubuka imvelo ngeliso leliphelele, budlelwano bemiphakatsi kanye nebetenhlalakahle.
Sigaba 2 seNgcungcutsela yeMave ngemave yekulondvolotwa kwemaGugu emaSiko langaBambeki sifundzeka ngalendlela:
Ngetinjongo taleNgcungcutsela ? ?Emagugu emasiko langabambeki? kushiwo tindlela tekwenta, kumelelwa, kutikhulumela, lwati, emakhono ? kanye netintfo tekusetjentiswa, tintfo, buciko bebantfu kanye nemasiko lahlobene ? naleyo miphakatsi, emacembu kantsi kuletinye tindzawo, bantfu lababona njengencenye yemagugu abo emasiko, landluliselwa etitukulwaneni ngetitukulwane, ayachubeka ngekwakhiwa kabusha miphakatsi nemacembu ngekuya ngesimo sabo, kuchumana kwabo nemvelo kanye nemlandvo, futsi abenta bative bangebantfu futsi labaphilako, ngako-ke kwehlukahlukana kwemasiko nekuhlanipha kwebantfu kuyahlonishwa. Ngenjongo yaleNgcungcutsela, kutawubukwa kuphela emagugu emasiko langabambeki njengobe asebentisana nemalungelo eluntfu emave ngemave ngetidzingo tekuhloniphana kwemiphakatsi, emacembu kanye nebantfu kanye nentfutfuko lesimeme.
Sigaba 2 sichubeka ngekutsi ?emagugu emasiko langabambeki? njengobe achazwa kupharagrafu ngetulu, asukela kuloku lokulandzelako:
a Emasiko lakhulunywako kanye netaga, kufaka ekhatsi njengelisu lemagugu emasiko langabambeki.
b Buciko lobudlalwako; tintfo letentiwa ngumphakatsi, emasiko kanye nemisitfo yeminyaka c Lwati kanye nemisebenti lemayelana nemvelo kanye nemhlaba d Tintfo letibatiwe tendzabuko
Letinchazelo letindlulile tangemTsetfo waseNingizimu Afrika netangemTsetfo weMave ngemave tisho cishe intfo yinye. Tintfo letifanako ngemasiko lakhulunywako, umdlalo, emasiko kanye nelweti lwemvelo, budlelwano bemiphakatsi kanye nebenhlalakahle. Umehluko lokhona ngumehluko wemagama. Ngako-ke kusebentisa lemicondvo yekuphambanisana njengobe bantfu labanyenti baseNingizimu Afrika basho njalo akusilo licala kodvwa kwenta ngekutifunela.
INKHULUMISWANO
Emagugu laphilako njengaletinye timanga tebantfu acala kudzala. Bekatintfo letentekako futsi tisenteka emiphikatsini leyehlukene emilandvweni leyehlukene. Tintfo letenteka njalo kubo; indlela lababukana ngeyo ngekutalwa, kakhulu, kutfomba, umshado, kuguga kanye nekufa; indlela labajabulela ngayo letigaba tekukhula kwebantfu, indlela lababukana ngayo nebuphuya nekweswela, indlela labakha iminotfo yabo, indlela labasimama ngayo; ngabe baphilisana njani naleminye imiphakatsi kanye nemvelo yabo, ngabe baticoca njani tindzaba tabo, bahlabela njani futsi bajayiva njani njll.
Loluhlobo lwemagugu laphilako lesinawo namuhla ayincenye yelifa labokhokho betfu bakudzala kakhulu. Emagugu etfu laphilako asukela kumasiko lakhulunywako, imilandvo lekhulunywako, emasiko, tinhlelo telwati lwendzabuko lebetigciniwe; labe netingucuko ngako-ke akhiphile nobe angete tintfo letinsha ngenca yekuchumana lokukhona njalo nemiphakatsi leyehlukene yemhlaba lena beyihlukaniswe budze besikhala nesikhatsi. Lokuchumana kuphindze kwachakatiswa kuhlangana kwebantfu bemadolobha lamakhulu lokuletfwe kukhula kwetekuchumana, kukhula kwetekuhamba kanye netekuvasha futsi ngaloko-ke kwehlisa libanga phakatsi kwemiphakatsi leyehlukene.
INingizimu Afrika isibonelo lesihle semphakatsi wetihlanga letinyenti lonemagugu emasiko lahlukahlukene futsi lanotsile ? loko-ke kwabese kuletsa lomcondvo we-Rainbow Nation. Ngako-ke ngumsebenti wahulumende kutsi wakhe simo lesivumelako sekusho kanye nekukhombisa tintfo letehlukene temaGugu laPhilako tawo wonkhe emacembu ebantfu. Loku kufanele kwentiwe ngendlela leyesekela imicondvo yetfu lengabandlulili ngelibala, lengabandlulili ngebulili, nemphakatsi wetilwimi letinyenti kanye nemasiko lamanyenti. Futsi kumele kwenteke ngekhatsi kwengcikitsi yekuza kuttfutfukisa kwebelana lwati lwemasiko phakatsi kwemacembu emasiko lahlukahlukene ngobe kungaloko kwabelana kanye nekutfokotela emagugu etfu emasiko lafanako futsi lahlukahlukene kutsi sitawuphumelela elucolwalaneni lwavelonkhe, kwakha sive, kanye nekubumbana kwetenhlalakahle.
Kungaba ncono kutsi wonkhe emacembu emasiko abelane lwati lwetingucuko letenteke kumagugu awo laphilako. Loku kungenteka ngekutsi kubukwe tintfo letahlukahlukene kanye naleti letifanako. Kutawubaluleka kutsi kufundvwe ngekutsi yini leyentekile kutsi lamasiko ahlangene aze akhe emasiko lafanako futsi lahlukile nje futsi awalapha eNingizimu Afrika kuphela.
Kuyintfo lehle kutsi letinchubomgomo kanye nalemitsetfo lephasiswe emva kwa-1994 iphakamise kuvuselelwa kanye nekugcinwa kwemagugu emasiko abo bonkhe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika, ngaloko-ke kutfutfukiswa emasiko awo wonkhe emacembu ebantfu betfu. Siphakamisomtsetfo sebuCiko, emaSiko kanye nemaGugu nebalandzeli baso njengemTsetfo wemKhandlu wemaGugu aVelonkhe (umTsetfo No 11 wanga-1999) kanye nemTsetfo wemiTfombolusito yemaGugu aVelonkhe ubufakazi kulombono lowentelwe kuphumelela kulenjongo.
Ematiko ahulumende, Tinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwahulumende, Tinhlangano letitinte emiphakatsini kanye nebantfu labacale kwenta imiklamo lengacondzisiswa ngekwemtsetfo yekugcina kanye nekwetayetisa ngemagugu laphilako. Njengobe loku kubongwa futsi kudvunyiswa, indlela yahulumende, kusebentisa kwebantfu kanye nemasu emphakatsi ayadzingeka ekwakheni luhlelo loluphelele lelifaka ekhatsi umcondvo wabo bonkhe bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika. Loluhlelo kumele lwendlulele ngasekucokeleleni kwemagugu laphilako futsi luphelele ekhwakhiweni kwenchubomgomo kanye netinsita temtsetfo letidzingekako ekuluvikeleni (ebusweni bekulutsengisa/kulugucula). Bacambi/tingcwele/bachamuseli bemagugu laphilako laba ngaphandle kwato tinkhinga bakhonile kugcina lwati lolubalulekile kumele batfolwe futsi babongwe ngalokufanele.
TINHLOSO KANYE NEMIGOMO
Kugubha emagugu etfu laphilako ngemNyaka weliShumi wetfu weMbuso wetfu weNtsandvo yelinyenti.
Kungenisa kanye nekwetayetisa iNgcungcutsela yeMave ngemave yekulondvlota emaGugu emaSiko langaBambeki
Kubona kanye nekuBonga emaGugu eBantfu laPhilako
Kwakha umganga wetinkhulumiswano temaGugu letitawuniketa letitawuniketa lwati lolujulile ngalesifundvo bese kutsi emva kwaloko kwentiwa tinchubomgomo kanye nemtsetfo ngekugcinwa, kuvikelwa kanye nekutfutfukiswa kwemaGugu laPhilako.
Kwetayetisa kusetjentiswa kwemagugu laphilako njengelisu lekwakha sive, kucolelwana kwavelonkhe, kuvuselelwa kwesimilo, lubumbano kutenhlakahle kanye nekwakhiwa kweNingizimu Afrika mbamba velonkhe.
Kwetayetisa kanye nekutfutfukisa emagugu laphilako kanye nekuhlanganisa iNingizimu Afrika emnotfweni wayo, sibonelo, kutekuvakasha.
LICEMBU LELIHLOSIWE
Linani lebantfu baseNingizimu Afrika lentiwe ngemagugu emasiko lahlukahlukene futsi lanotsile. Ngulomphakatsi walapha eNingizimu Afrika lona lelitiko lelifuna kuwuhlanganisa ngakulomcondvo wemaGugu laPhilako. Kunemahlebeti ekutsi eNingizimu Afrika tinSuku taVelonkhe tentelwe licembu lebantfu base-Afrika. Loku kulwa nekwakha sive, kucolelana kanye nelubumbano kutenhlalo. Emasu etfu ekuchumana newekumaketha kumele afundziswe ngendlela yekutsi letinSuku taVelonkhe jikelele kanye netinSuku temaGugu tidvonsa wonkhe umphakatsi waseNingizimu Afrika.
Likomiti lasePhalamende letebuCiko nemaSiko
Ematiko aHulumende waVelonkhe;
LiTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko (litiko lelihamba phambili);
Ematiko etiFundza;
Hulumende wasemaKhaya;
Umsakakato;
I-SABC
Imitimba yaHulumende;
Tikhungo temFundvo lePhakeme
Tikhungo tebaHoli beNdzabuko
Tinhlangano temasontfo
Umkhakha wangasese
Tinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwahulumende
Emacembu laTfutfukisa emaSiko
Tinhlangano letiTinte emPhakatsini
LUHLELO LWEMKLAMO
LiTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko lihlongota indlela lehlukene kuletinHlelo teNyanga yemaGugu kanye neluSuku lwemaGugu tanga-2004. Sihlongota kutsi kucedza ?loMsitfo waVelonkhe? lona lovame kuba ngumcimbi lomkhulu e-Union Buildings nobe kulenye indzawo. Sicabanga iNyanga yemaGugu kanye neluSuku lwemaGugu lolutawubona tiFundza, boMasipalati, Tiphatsimandla teNdzabuko tidlala indzima lephakeme eliswini lwekusabalalisa kute kutsi iNyanga yemaGugu kanye neluSuku lwemaGugu lube nemtselela esigabeni semphatsini futsi lube nemtsamo lowanele wekuhlanganisa sive saseNingizimu Afrika kulomcondvo wemaGugu laPhilako. Sifisa kusebentisa lengcikitsi njengemtfombo wekufinyelela kumbono lomkhulu wekucokelela, kugcina, kuvikela kanye nekutfutfukisa emaGugug etfu laPhilako. Ngalengcikitsi, kuleminyaka lesihlanu letako, iDAC ifisa kuba nenchubomgomo kanye nemtsetfo lomisiwe kanye nendzawo yekugcina emagugu yavelonkhe kanye dathabhesi yemaGugu laPhilako kanye nemaGugu eBantfu laPhilako njengobe phela asilahlekela cishe tinsuku tonkhe.
LUHLAKAMSEBENTI LOLUHLONGOTIWE LWEKUPHUMELELISA LWALENYANGA
Sihlongota eviki ekubuka latabeka phambili tintfo letehlukene temaGugu laPhilako. Babambimsuka labehlukene bateweniketa imininingwane yekutsi bahlela kutisebentisa njani letinhlelo letihlelelwe kwetayetisa emaGugu laPhilako. LiTiko leTebuciko nemaSiko lihlela kwakha budlelwane neNhlangano yeTekusakata yeNingizimu Afrika (SABC) kucinisekisa kutsi kwatiswa kakhulu ngalengcikitsi kanye netinhlelo takhona kuyo yonkhe lenyanga.
IMINININGWANE YEBUDLELWANO LOBUHLONGOTIWE NE-SABC
Kubo bonkhe lobudlelwano ne-SABC, libadla letinkhulumiswano ngeLwati lweNdzabuko/lwemaSiko kanye netiNtfo letentiwako litawulungiswa. Umgomo lomkhulu utawusetjentiswa kumagugu emasiko aseNingizimu Afrika kufaka sadla ngasekwenteni tintfo letidzingakala kucala eveni lonkhe kufaka ekhatsi kulwa neHIV/Aids, kwehlisa bugebengu, kwakha bucobo besive saseNingizimu Afrika kuphindze kuvuselele similo.
Kuvusa umcondvo welwati lwendzabuko/lwemasiko kubantfu labasha, kubalulekile kutsi kukhomba kubaluleka kanye nemsebenti walamasiko namuhla (Kutsi lusha lungazuza njani ngekwenhlalo nakutemnotfo ngalamasiko). Sibonelo, kube khona kundlondlobala kwekusetjentiswa kwetimphahla tendzabuko, kuhlotjiswa kwemuso kanye nekuhlobisa endlini, loku lusha lomukele likutsatse njengelitfuba lekuhlonyiswa kutenhlalo nakutemnotfo.
Bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika labatiwako ngemakhono abo lahlukile kanye nemacebo kulomkhakha welwati lwendzabuko/lwemasiko batawumenywa kuSABC futsi baniketwe litfuba lekwaba lelwati esiveni sonkhe. Umnyombo wandzaba kutawuba kutsi ngabe letintfo telwati lwendzabuko kanye nemasiko kungasetjentiswa njani kanye naletintfo letibekwe phambili esiveni.
Imikhakha yekubukwa ingafaka:
emakhoni endzabuko, kumiswa kwetakhiwo tetindlu nekubata kudla kwendzabuko nekupheka nemachinga ekulondvolota (langakavami)
umutsi kanye nemachinga ekwelapha kuhlobisa kwendzabuko netimphahla umculo nemdanso wendzabuko lohlobene netigaba letihlobene tetinkambiso njengasekutalweni, ekutfombeni, emshadweni, ekufeni njll.
umlandvo lokhulunywako
LIVIKI LEKUCALA: UMCULU NEMDANSO
Kuleliviki kutawuba netinhlelo temculo nemdanso letihlelelwe hhayi kukhombisa umculu nemdanso kodvwa kuhlanganisa letindzaba, imisitfo, imicimbi nobe emasiko. Leli kutawuba ngulelinye litfuba lekukhombisa kutsi umculu kanye nemidlalo yekudansa icala njani kulesive semasiko lamanyenti nekutsi ngabe emasiko angenelene njani nalamanye (kuhlangana kwemasiko). Ingcondvo yalomsebenti kutsi kutawuba kucacisa emagugu etfu lafanako lekungenteka kutsi asebente njengaletinye temabhuloki ekwakha sive kanye nekubumbana kwemphakatsi. Ngako-ke kutawubaluleka kutsi kutfola bantfu labadzala kutsi batosincedza kutsi sifinyelele kulombono ngekucnisekisa kutsi likhono lebantfu etigabeni letahlukene temlandvo libekwa phambili futsi lijatjulelwe situkulwane sanyalo kanye nesitukulwane lesitako.
LiTiko lisebentisaba nemanyuvesi aseVendza, Zululand kanye neFort Hare ekucokelelweni nasekugcinweni kweMculo wendzabuko. UMdanso kanye neMlandvo loKhulunywako. Leliviki lingaba litfuba lekutigcabha ngemsebenti lowentiwe ngulomklamo.
Lokubaluleke kakhulu, kutawuba kuhlanganyela ngekutimisela kwemiphakatsi yendzawo ekutigcebheni ngemculo wendzabuko nangekugidza.
LIVIKI LESIBILI: LWATI KANYE NEMASIKO ENDZABUKO
Kunemkhuba wekuhlobanisa lwati kanye nemasiko endzabuko/esintfu nencenye letsite yebantfu base-Afrika. Loku kuletse umcabango longemanga kulawa lamanye emacembu ebantfu kutsi akakaze abe sintfu futsi akakaze ahlangabetane netincabhayi talaminye imiphakatsi yendzabuko lehlangabetane nayo. Sibonelo, kukhucitwa kwekudla, umutsi kanye nemafutsa kuleminyaka nyaka lendlulile kwehluke kakhulu ngendlela lekwentiwa ngayo namuhla. Loku kuyenteka kuwo wonkhe emacembu ebantfu futsi kunyenti lesingabelana ngako ngekutsi bokhokho betfu bebalima njani, bebabasa njani umlilo, bebagubha njani igolide kanye nedayimane, bebayigcina njani imvelo yetfu, bebafuya njani tinkhomo, bebabakhulisa njani bantfwana, bebabuhlobisa njani buso babo futsi bebatisebentisa tintfo tekuhlobisa buso babo njll. Litiko lingatsandza kufaka lenkhulumiswano yekudla kwesintfu.
KUDLA KWESINTFU
Kudla kwesintfu kwase-Afrika kunemphilo kakhulu futsi kuyatsengeka kudlula kudla kwebelumbi. Kodvwa akumange nje sekukhutsatwe kukhombisa umsoco wako kanye nekutsengeka kwako.
Kudla kwesintfu lokufana nembhidvo, sentangabomu, sidvudvu, timbale, lukhotse kanye netjwala lobufana nemcombotsi akusiko kuphela timphawu tebu-Afrika, kodvwa kuhle kakhulu futsi kuyatsengeka.
Litiko lihlose kubambisana neCSIR kanye neKellogg Foundation ekuhleleni umklamo nobe umsitfo lapho khona kudla kwesintfu kutawukhonjiswa khona. Lomcimbi utawucinisekisa kutsi imiphakatsi yendzawo iyahlanganyela.
LIVIKI LESITSATFU: BANTFU LABASEBENTA NGEMAGUGU EMASIKO BASENINGIZIMU AFRIKA KANYE NETINDZABA TABO
Kuleliviki kutawubukwa umlandvo futsi kucociswane nebantfu nobe kukhulumisa ngetimphumelelo tebantfu labahlabene etihlangotsini letahlukene temagugu laphilako.
Sisebenti leligama lebantfu kute kutsi sibeke malula leligama lemaGugu eBantfu labaPhilako, lekuyinchazelo ye-UNESCO yaleligama.
Labantfu ngulaba:
labafake ligalelo ngekutsatsa tinyatselo leticinile ngasekuvuselelweni kwemasiko endzabuko lasengotini yekushabalala ngenca yekweswelakala kwetindlela tekuwalondvolota nekuwavikela nobe ngenca yenchubeko yengucuko leyenteka masinyane, kuhlala emadolobheni nobe kuhlangana kwemasiko lamanyenti bakhombise indzima yabo njengendlela yekucinisekisa kutsi lisiko lebantfu kanye nemiphakatsi yalawo masiko, kubaluleka kwabo njengemtfombo wekubanika emandla futsi njengendlela yekuletsa bantfu kanye nemiphakatsi ndzawonye banikete bufakazi bekusebenta kahle ekusebentiseni emakhono nemachinga abo baniketa bufakazi lobunyenti ngemvelaphi yabo elusikweni nobe kumlandvo wemasiko walowo mphakatsi bacinise kubaluleka kwabo njengebufakazi lobehlukile bemasiko laphilako
LIVIKI LESINE: INKHULUMOMPHIKISWANO YAVELONKHE NGEMSEBENTI WEMAGUGU LAPHILAKO EKUVUSELELWENI KWESIMILO; KUBUMBANA KWESIVE, KUCEDZA INDLALA; KWAKHA SIVE; KUCELELANA KANYE NEKWAKHA SIMILO SAVELONKHE
Litiko leTebuciko nemaSiko lihlose kubamba inkhulomomphikiswane ngeletintfo letibaliwe tavelonkhe. Injongo lenkhulu kutsi kucaciswe letintfo leti kubo bonkhe baseNingizimu Afrika. Futsi kutsi kucociswane ngendlela iNingizimu ingabona ngayo letintfo letibalulekile.
Litiko ngekusebentisa umsakato, litawubamba tinkhulumiswano nesive kucocisana ngaletihlangotsi letehlukene temagugu laphilako kutsi angakhutsatwa njani kute abe sezingeni lelifanele esiveni.
Lenkhulumomphikiswano yavelonkhe itawubeka sisekelo sekutfutfukiswa kwekweLisu laVelonkhe lekuCokelela, kuVikela, kuLondvolota kanye nekuTfutfukiswa kwemaGugu laPhilako/emaGugu emaSiko langaBambeki.
Kutawentiwa budlelwano neSABC kutsi kube khona libandla lekucocisana etiteshini temisakato ngetinhlelo leti umphakatsi ufuna kutibeka phambili ngalendzaba yelitiko lavelonkhe
Imigubho yeluSuku lwemaGugu itawenteka kuto tonkhe tifundza letiyimfica nakubomasipla. Litiko lavelonkhe litawusebentisa lenyanga njengesitepisi sekumisa umkhankhaso lotawuphelele sewuLisu lekuCokelela, kuLondvolota, kuVikela, kuTfutfukisa kanye nekusabalalisa emaGugu laPhilako.
